Socio-Economic Assessment of Wind and Tidal Energy in Maritime Regions: Advancing SDG 7 Through Renewable Energy Development

Abstract

This study evaluates the comparative socio-economic impacts of wind and tidal energy in maritime regions, specifically examining their contribution to achieving SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) through job creation, economic benefits, and sustainable energy production. The research employs sustainable energy transition theories and socio-economic impact assessment models, incorporating frameworks for renewable energy development in coastal regions and SDG implementation strategies. A mixed-methods approach combines quantitative analysis of economic indicators (employment, revenue, tariffs) with qualitative assessment of stakeholder perspectives. Data collection included document analysis, stakeholder interviews, and comparative case studies of wind and tidal energy projects. Analysis reveals wind energy's superior immediate economic viability, generating 3.68 jobs/MW during construction with competitive tariffs (7-8 cents/kWh). Tidal energy demonstrates higher job intensity (9 jobs/MW) but faces higher operational costs. Both technologies show distinct environmental impacts and stakeholder acceptance patterns, contributing differently to SDG 7 targets through clean energy provision and economic development. The findings provide evidence-based guidance for policymakers implementing SDG 7 in maritime regions, offering insights into optimizing renewable energy development for both economic benefit and sustainable development goals. This research presents a novel comparative analysis integrating socio-economic impacts with SDG 7 objectives, providing practical insights for sustainable energy development in maritime regions.